Abstract
The present report ideals with a microfloral analysis of the Middle and Lower Siwalik Formations from the Bhakra-Nangal area of Punjab, India. The microfloral a assemblage which these contain consists of Monoletes, trilobate grains, Triletes, Pinus, pollen grains of Palmae (Arecaceae), Gramineae (Poaceae) and Compositae (Asteraceae), Tetracolpites, etc. During Lower Siwalik times, it is inferred that the vegetation was coastal, subtropical to temperature, while during Middle Siwalik times it changed to a predominantly temperature and inland vegetation. Palmae pollen of the Cocos type, as well as a good representation of pteridophytes, in the Lower Siwalik support this view. There is a rather balanced proportion of angiospermous and gymnospermous elements. During Middle Siwalik times, the gymnosperms were dominant over the angiosperms, and pteridophytes were rather poorly represented. This is suggestive of a gradual cooling of the surroundings and an uplift of the sediments, supporting a temperature coniferous vegetation.
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