Abstract
This study aims at investigation of antibacterial property of Parthenium hysterophorous against aquatic bacterial pathogens and to identify the key bioactive compound of the same. Antibacterial activity of the crude extracts confirmed that chloroform extract PHC has strong antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens V.anguillarum and V.harveyi with 16mm and 15mm ZOI at 1mg/well concentration. The crude extracts were subjected for GC-MS analysis to identify the secondary metabolites. PHC was subjected to silica-gel column chromatography to separate the individual phytochemicals. PHC was separated into 9 fractions, among which Fraction No.2 demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against V.anguillarum and V.harveyi with 19mm and 17mm ZOI at 10µg/well concentration. Fraction No.2 was identified to be β-sitosterol based on mass spectrometry analysis and fragmentation analysis. In-silico protein ligand docking demonstrated that β-sitosterol has highest affinity to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme with -10.10Kcal/mol binding energy. This prediction was further validated using molecular dynamic simulation for 20ns. Based on these computational analyses, it was proposed that β-sitosterol exhibits antibacterial activity via inhibition of DHFR enzyme. β-sitosterol is a well known nutritionally valuable compound that reduces cholesterol levels in humans. It is also been used as supplement feed to increase the nutritional value of cultured fishes. β-sitosterol has also been proven to have positive effect in growth and reproduction of cultivated fishes. Findings of this study strongly suggest the usage of β-sitosterol in aquaculture, as nutritional supplement and also as disease control agent to prevent and control fish diseases caused by Vibrio species.
Highlights
Aquaculture plays a key role in India’s economy, as it is the second largest producer in the world
Findings of this study strongly suggest the usage of β-sitosterol in aquaculture, as nutritional supplement and as disease control agent to prevent and control fish diseases caused by Vibrio species
S. aureus, a common coloniser of human skin and mucosa, can cause diseases such as skin and wound infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia and bacteraemia. This plant has not been investigated for its antagonism against aquatic pathogens, to the best of knowledge, this study is the first report on Parthenium hysterophorus antibacterial activity against gram-negative aquatic Vibrio species pathogens
Summary
Aquaculture plays a key role in India’s economy, as it is the second largest producer in the world. Bacterial infection in fishes causes a great loss in the fish cultivation. The Vibrio species bacteria’s causes a serious disease called vibriosis, which causes a major loss in the aquaculture economy. Vibrio anguillarum is a polarly flagellated, comma shaped bacteria, that mainly causes vibriosis in many fish cultures 1bioluminescent bacteria and their fish hosts remain unidentified and untapped for potential biomedical applications. Purified bioluminescent bacterial colonies isolated from the intestine and skin of the fish samples were screened for antibacterial activity against strains of hospital-acquired pathogens, known as ‘nosocomial’ pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Membrane and cytosolic fractions from 4 bioluminescent bacterial isolates, designated here as strains ADMU-AUF-01 to -04, isolated from Lagocephalus spadiceus Vibrio harveyi is a causes several types of diseases such as gastroenteritis, eye lesions and vasculitis in shrimps and other fishes[2]. As the antibiotics currently used in aquaculture fisheries are becoming ineffective due to development of drug resistance, it is time of the hour need to identify and employ an effective alternative antibiotic of natural origin
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