Abstract
This chapter examines sites that were situated in nature (mountains and rivers, temples), modeled after nature (parks and estates), inspired by nature (urban sanctuaries such as private gardens and temples), or defined by their distance from the capital court (roads leading away from the political or cultural center). Writings on these sites commonly treated the themes of exile from the capital, retreat from court life, personal cultivation, or the beauty and mystery of nature. Sites in nature and the political center at times converged in these writings whereby these sites could reinforce or augment the authority of imperial power (the imperial park or the temples of previous dynastic founders).
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