Sistema de préstamos financieros de Argentina: un análisis sectorial y territorial

Abstract

The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the evolution and structure of financial loans in Argentina, both sectorally and territorially, during the period 2009-2023. A descriptive-explanatory analysis of financial loan data was conducted, evaluating the general trend, sectoral and territorial concentration, and the correlation with key economic variables. For this purpose, data from the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA) and variables such as gross value added, direct employment generated, and the number of companies were used. The results showed that the average financial loans in Argentina during 2009-2023 amounted to 43,016,947 thousand dollars. The general trend indicates growth until 2012, followed by fluctuations, reaching a peak in 2018, followed by a decline until 2021 and stability in the last two years. The linear trend is negative, indicating a contraction in available credit, with greater territorial than sectoral concentration of loans. At the territorial level, the Federal Capital jurisdictions receive the largest amount, followed by Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, and Córdoba. Loans are mainly concentrated in three sectors: services to individuals, manufacturing industry, and agriculture, livestock, hunting, and forestry. Loans show a positive correlation with GVA (R: 0.79), employment (R: 0.82), and the number of companies (R: 0.81). It is concluded that the unequal distribution of credit contributes to regional disparities and limits the positive impact of financing on economic growth and job creation.