SIRT-1 and CD44 in the saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma, dysplastic and non-dysplastic oral leukoplakia

Rasha Wagih,Amal Hussine,Heba Hussein

doi:10.21608/adjc.2021.70445.1094

Rasha Wagih, Amal Hussine + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.21608/adjc.2021.70445.1094

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Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the levels of salivary SIRT-1 and CD44 in patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), dysplastic and non-dysplastic oral leukoplakia to assess their potential role as early diagnostic biomarkers for patients with oral leukoplakia and OSCC. Subjects and Methods: sixty patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. Participants were divided into four groups:15 healthy individuals, 15 patients with non-dysplastic leukoplakia, 15 patients with dysplastic leukoplakia, and 15 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Whole unstimulated saliva (WUS) was collected from all participants. Soluble CD44 (solCD44) and SIRT1 were measured using ELISA. Results: CD44 was expressed in all the four study groups with different levels. OSCC showed a statistically significant highest CD44 level. While the control group showed the lowest CD44 level. There was no statistically significant difference between dysplastic leukoplakia and non-dysplastic leukoplakia groups. Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference between non-dysplastic leukoplakia and control groups. OSCC showed the statistically significantly highest SIRT-1 level. There was no statistically significant difference between dysplastic leukoplakia, non-dysplastic leukoplakia, and control groups; all showed statistically significantly lower SIRT-1 levels than the OSCC group. Conclusion: salivary SIRT-1 and CD44 could be used as a screening tool to improve early detection and diagnostic precision of oral leukoplakia and OSCC.

Highlights

Oral cancer is a serious public health problem as it represents the sixth most common human malignancy with a 50% five years survival rate (Kaur10.21608/adjc.2021.70445.1094 et al, 2018) Most oral carcinomas develop from oral premalignant lesions such as oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia (Kaur et al, 2018)
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) expression is linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have been known to play an important role in both tumor progression and poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and in other cancers(Kokko et al, 2011)
We evaluated the correlation between the age and the level of expression of CD44 and SIRT-1

Summary

Introduction

Oral cancer is a serious public health problem as it represents the sixth most common human malignancy with a 50% five years survival rate (Kaur10.21608/adjc.2021.70445.1094 et al, 2018) Most oral carcinomas develop from oral premalignant lesions such as oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia (Kaur et al, 2018). Oral cancer is a serious public health problem as it represents the sixth most common human malignancy with a 50% five years survival rate Oral leukoplakia is the most common oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). Many studies showed that the alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in early tumor progression (Turley et al, 2002). Hyaluronan is an ECM protein with an important role in tumor growth, progression, and invasion Many studies showed that CD44 expression has been associated with aggressive behavior in different types of cancers. CD44 expression is linked to cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have been known to play an important role in both tumor progression and poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and in other cancers(Kokko et al, 2011). The increased expression of this biomarker in OSCC has been shown in many studies, other studies showed CD44 downregulation (Kokko et al, 2011)

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