Abstract
The present work reports the use and application of a novel protic ionic liquid (triethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; NEt3H TFSI) as an electrolyte for symmetric planar micro-supercapacitors based on silicon nanowire electrodes. The excellent performance of the device has been successfully demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical characterization of this system exhibits a wide operative voltage of 4 V as well as an outstanding long cycling stability after millions of galvanostatic cycles at a high current density of 2 mA cm−2. In addition, the electrochemical double layer micro-supercapacitor was able to deliver a high power density of 4 mW cm−2 in a very short time pulses (a few ms). Our results could be of interest to develop prospective on-chip micro-supercapacitors using protic ionic liquids as electrolytes with high performance in terms of power and energy densities.
Highlights
Micro-supercapacitors, known as micro-ultracapacitors, have emerged as alternative and prospective electrochemical energy storage devices due to their interesting properties in terms of high power density, efficiency, fast charge and discharge rate, excellent reversibility, long lifespan and relatively low cost, which make them very attractive as micro-power sources for different technological applications [1]
A slightly distortion of the Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves was attributed to the oxidation of silicon to SiO2 according to the increase of the current reflected in figure 2(a)
According to figure 2(b), a specific capacitance (SC) value of approximately 17 μF cm−2 was calculated for the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) micro-supercapacitor using the CV curves
Summary
Micro-supercapacitors, known as micro-ultracapacitors, have emerged as alternative and prospective electrochemical energy storage devices due to their interesting properties in terms of high power density, efficiency, fast charge and discharge rate, excellent reversibility, long lifespan and relatively low cost, which make them very attractive as micro-power sources for different technological applications [1]. The rapid growth and demand of these technological applications has triggered an important advancement in the scientific research field of novel nano-materials and electrolytes in order to provide ultra-high performance micro-supercapacitors in terms of power and energy densities [4, 5]. Within this context, nanostructured silicon such as silicon nanowires (SiNWs) [6,7,8,9,10], silicon nanotrees (SiNTrs) Nanotechnol. 6 (2015) 015004 hyperbranched SiNWs) [11] or silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) [12,13,14,15] has sparked a great deal of interest as nanoscale materials for micro-supercapacitor devices due to their high surface specific area, high power pulse and long cyclability
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