Abstract
The agglomeration of solid particles is discussed on the basis of various sintering mechanisms. Three major mechanisms are identified and considered to be important in CFB combustion: sintering caused by 1. (1) partial melting, 2. (2) viscous flow and 3. (3) gas-solid chemical reactions. Recent results achieved with a laboratory sintering test are related to these sintering mechanisms. The test, based on compression strength measurements on heat-treated cylindrical ash pellets, showed clear differences in sintering tendency among five coal ashes. The temperature at which sintering began varied between 500 and 900 °C. For two brown coal ashes, partial melting was found to cause sintering, whereas viscous flow was probably the dominant sintering mechanism for ashes from a bituminous coal and an anthracite. SO 2 in the atmosphere increased the sintering tendency for two of the brown coal ashes. One brown coal also showed a slight increase in sintering at 600 °C when CO 2 was present in the atmosphere. This increase could not be detected at higher temperatures. For the bituminous coal ash no change in sintering tendency could be detected when SO 2, CO or both were present in the gas phase.
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