Abstract
Abstract A low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material was fabricated by mixing BaTi 4 O 9 ceramic with BaO-B 2 O 3 -ZnO (BBZ) glass. The sintering mechanism was further analyzed through the wetting behavior, activation energy, phase evolution, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of the BaTi 4 O 9 -BBZ composite. The results show that the sintering temperature of the BaTi 4 O 9 ceramics can be significantly lowered from 1300 to 925 °C by the BBZ glass. This is due to the three-stage partially reactive liquid assisted sintering process which consists of glass redistribution and local grains rearrangement, solution-reprecipitaion including glass crystallization and reactions between the glass and ceramic, and global grain rearrangement, closure of pores and viscous flow. XRD patterns exhibit that BaTi 4 O 9 reacts with the crystallization phase of BBZ glass obviously during sintering to form two new phases BaTi(BO 3 ) 2 and Ba 4 Ti 13 O 30 . The activation energy of BaTi 4 O 9 ceramic is calculated to be 520.9 ± 40.46 kJ/mol, while that of BaTi 4 O 9 -BBZ composite is reduced to 330.98 ± 47.34 kJ/mol. With increasing sintering temperature, the dielectric constant (e r ) and the quality factor (Q×f) value increases firstly and then decreases, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) value slightly decreases. Typically, the BaTi 4 O 9 -BBZ composite sintered at 925 °C for 2 h displays excellent microwave dielectric properties of e r = 26.4, Q×f = 27300 GHz and τ f = + 0.3 ppm/°C. In addition, the good chemical compatibility of this material with Ag electrode makes it as a potential candidate for LTCC technology.
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