Sintering effects in a glass reinforced hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Glass was incorporated into hydroxyapatite (HA) to act as a sintering aid in order to improve the mechanical properties. The glass was added at 2 and 4wt% and the powders compacted uniaxially. The compacts were sintered at a variety of temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300 and 1350 °C) and the effects of the glass addition and the firing temperature were studied to determine their effects on the sintering process. It was found that the glass promoted some phase changes, related to the amount of glass added to the composite. At 1200 and 1250 °C, some β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) was found with the residual being HA. However, at 1300 and 1350 °C, both β- and α-TCP were formed. The 4 wt% addition, as expected, promoted higher levels of secondary phases in the composite. The flexural bend strength (FBS) showed high values and also significant differences dependent on the amount of glass added. A 2 wt% addition gave a gradual increase in FBS with temperature. With a 4 wt% addition there was an increase in FBS, but above 1300 °C there was a rapid decrease. These effects were mirrored in the linear shrinkage. Both the linear shrink-age and the FBS results were attributed to both the phase changes occurring and also change in grain size with increasing firing temperature.