Sino-Orbital Invasive Fungal Infections in Immunocompetent Hosts

Abstract

This review describes the clinical presentation, predisposing factors, pathophysiology, mycology, diagnosis, and therapy of sino-orbital invasive fungal infections in immunocompetent individuals. Recent advances published in the literature were reviewed with special consideration of current diagnostic methods and treatment regimens. Owing to the rarity of this condition literature is scarce. Majority of the studies are from tropical countries such as India where the disease is relatively more common. Treatment strategies are variable and response to medical treatment is favorable in significant number of patients. Invasive sino-orbital fungal infection in immunocompetent hosts is a rare clinical condition. Aspergillus and Mucorales group of fungi cause infection in the presence of certain risk factors. Other species of fungi may occasionally be involved. Diagnosis requires imaging and laboratory back up. CT scan remains the primary imaging modality of choice although MRI is more sensitive in picking up orbital soft tissue inflammation. With early diagnosis and appropriate medical and surgical therapy, globe salvage and visual recovery may be achieved.