Abstract
The implementation of increased space exploration missions reduces the distance between human beings and outer space. Although it is impossible for everyone to enter the remote outer space, virtual environments could provide computer-based digital spaces that we can observe, participate in, and experience. In this study, Sino-InSpace, a digital simulation platform, was developed to support the construction of virtual space environments. The input data are divided into two types, the environment element and the entity object, that are then supported by the unified time-space datum. The platform adopted the pyramid model and octree index to preprocess the geographic and space environment data, which ensured the efficiency of data loading and browsing. To describe objects perfectly, they were abstracted and modeled based on four aspects including attributes, ephemeris, geometry, and behavior. Then, the platform performed the organization of a visual scenario based on logical modeling and data modeling; in addition, it ensured smooth and flexible visual scenario displays using efficient data and rendering engines. Multilevel modes (application directly, visualization development, and scientific analysis) were designed to support multilevel applications for users from different grades and fields. Each mode provided representative case studies, which also demonstrated the capabilities of the platform for data integration, visualization, process deduction, and auxiliary analysis. Finally, a user study with human participants was conducted from multiple views (usability, user acceptance, presence, and software design). The results indicate that Sino-InSpace performs well in simulation for virtual space environments, while a virtual reality setup is beneficial for promoting the experience.
Highlights
The astounding advances in aerospace technology are making the dream of space exploration come true
Since the launch of the first artificial satellite by the Soviet Union in 1957, human beings have been constantly exploring the vastness of the universe, which includes the near-earth space [1], the moon, Mars, and asteroids [2]
Chinese space activities started with the launch of Dong Fang Hong I in 1970; since a number of BeiDou navigation satellites, resource remote sensing satellites, and Fengyún meteorological satellites had been sent into operation
Summary
The astounding advances in aerospace technology are making the dream of space exploration come true. Since the launch of the first artificial satellite by the Soviet Union in 1957, human beings have been constantly exploring the vastness of the universe, which includes the near-earth space [1], the moon, Mars, and asteroids [2]. Chinese space activities started with the launch of Dong Fang Hong I in 1970; since a number of BeiDou navigation satellites, resource remote sensing satellites, and Fengyún meteorological satellites had been sent into operation. Virtual environments, initially viewed as “mirror worlds”, can supply computer-based digital spaces that we observe, participate in, and experience in person [8]. With the increasing scope and scale of human space activities, it is essential to construct a digital simulation platform for virtual space environments (VSEs)
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