Abstract
Numerous animal experiments and clinical studies showed aggressive ventilation to injure the lungs. This led to the concept of protective ventilation, which includes the use of low tidal volumes, application of higher PEEP-levels as well as early spontaneous breathing efforts. Ventilation of patients with ALI and ARDS needs a concise ventilation and weaning concept and its transmission into reality must be controlled. Newer ventilation methods like high frequency oscillatory ventilation and small pumpless or miniaturized pump-driven extracorporal lungassist devices can be used as rescue therapy. So far these have not shown a reduction of mortality in clinical trials. This review focuses on the recent advances and newer ventilation techniques and their contribution to treatment of patients with ALI and ARDS.
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