Singular perturbation theory : D.R. Smith, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1985, 500 pp., $42.50

Abstract

The annual world lime production amounts to approximately 350 million tons. The most efficient and ecological way to calcine limestone and dolomite is the use of modern shaft kilns. The requirement to install new lime shaft kilns at a stagnating market growth is substantial because a significant amount of lime is still produced with outdated kiln models. More than three quarters of the world’s lime production is high reactive lime. The PFR lime kiln has established itself worldwide for this type of product. This article compares the advantages of modern shaft kilns with other kiln models and explains the functional principle of such lime kilns. It also shows new innovative ideas and explains in which areas further research and development is still required in order to meet the growing demands of the market.