Single-Shot Vaccines against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV): Comparative Evaluation of Long-Term Protection after Immunization in the Presence of BRSV-Specific Maternal Antibodies.

J F Valarcher ,Ester Malmström ,Marga García Durán ,Alain Deslis ,Marí­a José Rodrí­guez ,Sara Hägglund ,David T Gauthier ,Luc Jouneau ,Karin Vargmar ,Anne Pinard ,Isabelle Schwartz-Cornil ,Olivier Boulesteix ,Catherine Dubuquoy ,Sara Bergström Lind ,Aude Rémot ,Peter D Kwong ,Dany Leguéré ,Geraldine Taylor ,Ganna Shevchenko ,Baoshan Zhang ,Claudia Von Brömssen ,Alexander Falk ,Katarina Näslund ,Vincent Pietralunga ,Sabine Riffault

doi:10.3390/vaccines9030236

Abstract

The induction of long-lasting clinical and virological protection is needed for a successful vaccination program against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). In this study, calves with BRSV-specific maternally derived antibodies were vaccinated once, either with (i) a BRSV pre-fusion protein (PreF) and MontanideTM ISA61 VG (ISA61, n = 6), (ii) BRSV lacking the SH gene (ΔSHrBRSV, n = 6), (iii) a commercial vaccine (CV, n = 6), or were injected with ISA61 alone (n = 6). All calves were challenged with BRSV 92 days later and were euthanized 13 days post-infection. Based on clinical, pathological, and proteomic data, all vaccines appeared safe. Compared to the controls, PreF induced the most significant clinical and virological protection post-challenge, followed by ΔSHrBRSV and CV, whereas the protection of PreF-vaccinated calves was correlated with BRSV-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody responses 84 days post-vaccination, and the IgG antibody titers of ΔSHrBRSV- and CV-vaccinated calves did not differ from the controls on this day. Nevertheless, strong anamnestic BRSV- and PreF-specific IgG responses occurred in calves vaccinated with either of the vaccines, following a BRSV challenge. In conclusion, PreF and ΔSHrBRSV are two efficient one-shot candidate vaccines. By inducing a protection for at least three months, they could potentially improve the control of BRSV in calves.

Highlights

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes respiratory disease in cattle, with important direct and indirect animal health and economic consequences [1]
bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)-RNA was detected by RTqPCR on three occasions in two/six ∆SHrBRSV-immunized calves, between D6 and D8 pv, and on eight occasions in 4/6 commercial vaccine (CV)-immunized calves, between D4 and D8 pv
The results demonstrated that Pre-fusion F (PreF) in adjuvant, administrated once by the i.m. route to calves with BRSV-specific MDA, induced strong clinical and virological protection, which lasted at least 92 days

Summary

Introduction

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes respiratory disease in cattle, with important direct and indirect animal health and economic consequences [1]. BRSV is an enveloped, nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Orthopneumovirus genus within the Pneumoviridae family [2] This virus spreads and causes high morbidity and severe disease, which impairs cattle welfare and production [3,4,5]. The type of production, rearing system, and activities of cattle professionals linked to the cattle density in a geographic region all impact on the possibility of implementing appropriate biosecurity measures. Such factors influence the need for vaccination to prevent respiratory disease. Commercial vaccines are available, but their efficacy is not always satisfactory

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