Abstract
A top-hat antenna is developed for direction finding (DF) applications using blade rotation modulations, which is capable to achieve direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations in both elevation and azimuth directions. Unlike conventional DF arrays using multiple antenna elements, a single antenna is required in the proposed DF system. Antenna performance might be influenced with the presence of rotating metallic blades. However, with the consideration of blade rotations in designing the single DF antenna, the antenna radiation pattern diversity is realized through blade modulations and the DOA estimations could be achieved. The incoming plane wave with different azimuth and elevation incident angles and linear polarization states is investigated. The 3D DF capability of the proposed single top-hat antenna with four rotating blades is demonstrated based on Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) calculations using the 3D complex antenna radiation patterns.
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