Abstract
There is a profound need in bioprocess manufacturing for low-cost single-use sensors that allow timely monitoring of critical product and production attributes. One such opportunity is screen-printed enzyme-based electrochemical sensors, which have the potential to enable low-cost online and/or off-line monitoring of specific parameters in bioprocesses. In this study, such a single-use electrochemical biosensor for lactate monitoring is designed and evaluated. Several aspects of its fabrication and use are addressed, including enzyme immobilization, stability, shelf-life and reproducibility. Applicability of the biosensor to off-line monitoring of bioprocesses was shown by testing in two common industrial bioprocesses in which lactate is a critical quality attribute (Corynebacterium fermentation and mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultivation). The specific response to lactate of the screen-printed biosensor was characterized by amperometric measurements. The usability of the sensor at typical industrial culture conditions was favorably evaluated and benchmarked with commonly used standard methods (HPLC and enzymatic kits). The single-use biosensor allowed fast and accurate detection of lactate in prediluted culture media used in industrial practice. The design and fabrication of the biosensor could most likely be adapted to several other critical bioprocess analytes using other specific enzymes. This makes this single-use screen-printed biosensor concept a potentially interesting and versatile tool for further applications in bioprocess monitoring.
Highlights
The need for sensors that can contribute to make biological production more efficient and better controlled is profound [1,2,3]
In this article we present a novel design for a single-use screen-printed lactate biosensor based on a fabrication method easy to mass produce
The electrochemical strips, in the two-electrode configuration, used for the assembly of the single-use biosensor were fabricated by screen-printing onto a 125 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate foil (Polyfoil Bias)
Summary
The need for sensors that can contribute to make biological production more efficient and better controlled is profound [1,2,3]. Sensors able to monitor critical process events in close to real time are especially needed This includes changes in concentrations of critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) that enable active control to ensure optimal production conditions of the bioprocess [2]. Examples are (i) metabolites that control metabolic flow rates of the target end-product or (ii) overflow metabolites of the central pathways, such as acetate, ethanol and lactate [4]. If these analytes can be monitored in time, cellular growth and expression of target products can be enhanced [5].
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