Abstract
Processing of genital sensations in the central nervous system of humans is still poorly understood. Current knowledge is mainly based on neuroimaging studies using electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG), and 1.5- or 3- Tesla (T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), all of which suffer from limited spatial resolution and sensitivity, thereby relying on group analyses to reveal significant data. Here, we studied the impact of passive, yet non-arousing, tactile stimulation of the penile shaft using ultra-high field 7T fMRI. With this approach, penile stimulation evoked significant activations in distinct areas of the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (S1 & S2), premotor cortex, insula, midcingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, thalamus and cerebellum, both at single subject and group level. Passive tactile stimulation of the feet, studied for control, also evoked significant activation in S1, S2, insula, thalamus and cerebellum, but predominantly, yet not exclusively, in areas that could be segregated from those associated with penile stimulation. Evaluation of the whole-brain activation patterns and connectivity analyses indicate that genital sensations following passive stimulation are, unlike those following feet stimulation, processed in both sensorimotor and affective regions.
Highlights
Processing of genital sensations in the central nervous system of humans is still poorly understood
Activation of the midcingulate cortex (MCC), but not ACC, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have only been reported following tactile stimulation of the male genitalia[8]
We clearly show the genitalia are represented in the groin region in S1 and not below the feet
Summary
Processing of genital sensations in the central nervous system of humans is still poorly understood. We studied the impact of passive, yet non-arousing, tactile stimulation of the penile shaft using ultra-high field 7T fMRI With this approach, penile stimulation evoked significant activations in distinct areas of the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (S1 & S2), premotor cortex, insula, midcingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, thalamus and cerebellum, both at single subject and group level. Increases in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) sensitivity at 7T11,12 have made it possible to acquire data with high spatial acuity and demonstrate robust activation in individuals Recent studies showcasing these advantages include mapping the representation of individual digits[13] and the lower limb[14] in S1 at the single subject level. Current findings regarding supraspinal activation during tactile stimulation of the feet could provide more insight into which regions are targeted and affected by this treatment modality
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