Abstract
Lithium primary cells are commonly used in applications where high energy density and low self-discharge are the most important factors. This include small coin cells for electronics, power backup batteries for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor memory or as a long-term emergency power source. In our study we present a fast, electrochemical method of the positive electrode preparation for lithium primary cells. The influence of the current density and oxygen presence in a solution on the preparation of the electrode and thus its electrochemical behavior is examined. Electrode compositions were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared electrodes may be used in Li cells as competition to Zn-MnO2 primary batteries.
Highlights
Lithium primary cell chemistry had begun in 1913, when G.N
The positive electrodes were prepared by an electrochemical, galvanostatic oxidation of the copper foil in 2.5 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution
The foil oxidation was prepared at the current density of 1.5 mA·cm−2 and 3.0 mA·cm−2
Summary
Lithium primary cell chemistry had begun in 1913, when G.N. Lewis presented a very accurate measurement of the lithium electrode potential [1]. In the early 1970s, the first commercial lithium battery was introduced to the market. Those cells present a great energy density and shelf life due to lithium metal use as an anode material. A long shelf life of the lithium batteries is possible due to a stable, protective SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layer at the metal surface. This layer made from the decomposed organic electrolyte protects the metallic anode from further unwanted reactions. The main drawback of the SEI layer is a limitation of the maximum current density due to its resistance and so-called “potential delay” at the beginning of the cell discharging
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