Abstract
We developed a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). This experimental platform was established to conduct a variety of XFEL experiments, including coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), and coherent X-ray scattering (CXS). Based on the forward-scattering geometry, this instrument utilizes a fixed-target method for sample delivery. It is well optimized for single-shot-based experiments in which one expects to observe the ultrafast phenomena of nanoparticles at picosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolutions. In this paper, we introduce a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument and report pump–probe coherent diffraction imaging (PPCDI) of Ag nanoparticles as an example of its applications.
Highlights
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) and diffraction-limited light sources are regarded as generating high-intensity and nearly coherent X-rays
We have developed a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument to fully utilize the features of XFEL beams at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
We have developed a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument to fully utilize the features of XFEL beams at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL)
Summary
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) and diffraction-limited light sources are regarded as generating high-intensity and nearly coherent X-rays. Such coherent sources do not need a small aperture as a spatial filter to improve the spatial coherence. XFEL can be generated only in an ultrashort pulse form, which leads us to study ultrafast phenomena of nanoscience Taking advantage of these remarkable properties of coherent light sources, CDI, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), and other applications have been actively applied in various research fields [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. MMaatteerriiaallss aanndd MMeetthhooddss AAfftteerr tthhee ffiirrsstt llaassiinngg ooff PPAALL--XXFFEELL iinn 22001166,, tthhee XXFFEELL ssttaabbiilliittyy iinn tthhee bbeeaamm ppoossiittiioonn aanndd ttiimmiinnggjjiitttteerrwweerreesstteeaaddiliylyimimpprroovveeddfoforrvvaariroiouussXX-r-aryayexepxpereirmimenetnsts[1[41,41,51]5.]I.nIn2021071,7a, sainsignleg-lseh-sohtoctochoehreernetnXt X-r-aryayimimagaigninggininstsrturummenent twwaassssuucccceessssffuulllyly ccoommmmiissssiioonneedd aatt tthhee nnaannoo--ccrryyssttaallllooggrraapphhyy aanndd ccoohheerreenntt iimmaaggiinngg ((NNCCII)) eennddssttaattiioonn aatt tthhee hhaarrdd XX--rraayy bbeeaammlliinnee ooff PPAALL--XXFFEELL..XXPPCCSSaannddCCDDI,I,wwhhicichhrerqequuirierehihgihglhylycochoehreernetnXt -Xra-ryasy, sw, ewreerceocnodnudcutecdteudsiunsgitnhgistihnisstrinusmtreunmt [e1n6t,1[176].,17]
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