Single-shot 3D measurement of highly reflective objects with deep learning.

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) measurement methods based on fringe projection profilometry (FPP) have been widely applied in industrial manufacturing. Most FPP methods adopt phase-shifting techniques and require multiple fringe images, thus having limited application in dynamic scenes. Moreover, industrial parts often have highly reflective areas leading to overexposure. In this work, a single-shot high dynamic range 3D measurement method combining FPP with deep learning is proposed. The proposed deep learning model includes two convolutional neural networks: exposure selection network (ExSNet) and fringe analysis network (FrANet). The ExSNet utilizes self-attention mechanism for enhancement of highly reflective areas leading to overexposure problem to achieve high dynamic range in single-shot 3D measurement. The FrANet consists of three modules to predict wrapped phase maps and absolute phase maps. A training strategy directly opting for best measurement accuracy is proposed. Experiments on a FPP system showed that the proposed method predicted accurate optimal exposure time under single-shot condition. A pair of moving standard spheres with overexposure was measured for quantitative evaluation. The proposed method reconstructed standard spheres over a large range of exposure level, where prediction errors for diameter were 73 µm (left) and 64 µm (right) and prediction error for center distance was 49 µm. Ablation study and comparison with other high dynamic range methods were also conducted.