Single picket in Russia and Germany: Constitutional and legal dimension

Abstract

In Russia the Public Assembly Law, which regulates the implementation of the constitutional right to freedom of peaceful assembly, is in the process of constant development. The author analyzes the Russian legislation and case-law of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which affect the holding of peaceful assemblies in the form of picketing (also single picketing). The author conducts that the conduct of single pickets in the Russian Federation in law years has been highly formalized. Theoretically, holding a single picket does not require notification and approval from representatives of public authorities. However, as the analysis shows, it is difficult to exercise the right to a single picket in practice, because law has established a number of restrictions, which significantly complicate the exercise of the freedom of peaceful assembly in the form of single picketing. The author concludes that the right to a single picket without approval de facto has a declarative nature, since law enforcement authorities have considerable discretion when qualifying a single picket as an unauthorized public event. The article contains an analysis of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Russia, which attempted to limit the discretion of law enforcement authorities in order to simplify the procedure for holding single pickets in Russia. In the article, the author examines the constitutional and legal experience of modern Germany (in particular, the German legal doctrice of Versammlungsrecht), where a single picket is regarded as one of forms to implement the constitutional freedom of speech and opinion, as well as the right to free development of the individual. The general conclusion of the author is that it is necessary to significantly simplify the procedure for holding a single picket, which could be regarded as the safest form of public event.