Single-Peakedness and Disconnected Coalitions

Abstract

Ordinally single-peaked preferences are distinguished from cardinally single-peaked preferences, in which all players have a similar perception of distances in some one-dimensional ordering. While ordinal single-peakedness can lead to disconnected coalitions that have a hole in the ordering, cardinal single-peakedness precludes this possibility, based on two models of coalition formation: - Fallback (FB): Players seek coalition partners by descending lower and lower in their preference rankings until a majority coalition forms. - Build-Up (BU): Similar to FB, except that when nonmajority subcoalitions form, they fuse into composite players, whose positions are defined cardinally and who are treated as single players in the convergence process. FB better reflects the unconstrained, or nonmyopic, possibilities of coalition formation, whereas BU - because all subcoalition members must be included in any majority coalition that forms - restricts combinatorial possibilities and tends to produce less compact majority coalitions. Applications of the models to legislatures, parliamentary coalitions, and military alliances are discussed.