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Abstract
Anti-sense transcription is increasingly being recognized as an important regulator of gene expression. But the transcriptome complementation of anti-sense RNA in hybrid relative to their inbred parents was largely unknown. In this study, we profiled strand-specific RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in a maize hybrid and its inbred parents (B73 and Mo17) in two tissues. More anti-sense transcripts were present in the hybrid compared with the parental lines. We detected 293 and 242 single-parent expression of anti-sense (SPEA) transcripts in maize immature ear and leaf tissues, respectively. There was little overlap of the SPEA transcripts between the two maize tissues. These results suggested that SPEA is a general mechanism that drives extensive complementation in maize hybrids. More importantly, extremely high-level expression of anti-sense transcripts was associated with low-level expression of the cognate sense transcript by reducing the level of histone H3 lysine 36 methylation (H3K36me3). In summary, these SPEA transcripts increased our knowledge about the transcriptomic complementation in hybrid.
Highlights
Heterosis is defined as the super performance of a primary hybrid (F1) compared with its homologous parental lines (Flint-Garcia et al, 2009; Birchler et al, 2010) with respect to characters related to vigor, such as disease resistance, plant architecture, and crop yield
These studies reported that transcriptome complementation, which is the complementation of deleterious parental alleles by superior alleles of the second parent, contributes to maize heterosis in hybrids relative to its inbred parental lines
Single-parent expression is a general mechanism to explain maize heterosis with more genes being expressed in a hybrid than in its parents
Summary
Heterosis is defined as the super performance of a primary hybrid (F1) compared with its homologous parental lines (Flint-Garcia et al, 2009; Birchler et al, 2010) with respect to characters related to vigor, such as disease resistance, plant architecture, and crop yield. Single-parent expression (SPE) has been shown to be an important mechanism contributing to heterosis (Paschold et al, 2012, 2014; Baldauf et al, 2016, 2018; Marcon et al, 2017). SPE refers to genes that are active in one parent and inactive in the other parent while being active in the F1 hybrid These studies reported that transcriptome complementation, which is the complementation of deleterious parental alleles by superior alleles of the second parent, contributes to maize heterosis in hybrids relative to its inbred parental lines.
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