Abstract
Aim:Partial fragment of D-loop region extending from 35 to 770 were compared with corresponding sequences of 16 wild pigs and 9 domestic pig breeds from different parts of the world for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the region. The paper also reappraises SNP markers from two fragments of cytochrome b gene and a fragment 12S rRNA gene distinguishing the Indian wild pig from other pig species of the world.Materials and Methods:Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from 14 and 12 tissue samples of Indian wild and domestic pigs, respectively, collected from Central India for characterization of the D-loop DNA sequences using universal primers. The sequences obtained were aligned along with the retrieved sequences to analyze species-specific SNP marker.Results:A total of 58 mitochondrial D-loop gene sequences of pig races were aligned to identify 1349 polymorphic sites in the fragment from nucleotide positions 35-770 bp and four SNP markers were identified to differentiate Indian wild pig from all the sequences investigated in this study. With the inclusion of cytochrome b gene and 12S rRNA gene fragments, the present study contributes to the total 15 SNP markers, which have been identified in the mitochondrial fragment of 1936 bp for identification of Indian wild pig.Conclusion:SNP markers have advantages over other marker types and do not require subsequent standardization to compare data across studies or laboratories.
Highlights
Wild pig (Sus scrofa) distributed across many countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa belongs to the Suidae family
The sequences generated from the amplified PCR products of Indian wild pigs matched with 99% homology among them and had 96-97% homology with the corresponding sequences of the domestic pig
All the obtained sequences of Indian wild pig were submitted to GenBank under accession number from KM016430 to KM016443 while sequences of the domestic pig were submitted under accession no
Summary
Wild pig (Sus scrofa) distributed across many countries of Europe, Asia, and Africa belongs to the Suidae family. It is a common game animal and exploited for substantial consumption. It is a protected species in many countries including India. The Indian wild pig is a separate sub-species (Sus scrofa cristatus) from the domestic pig and is under Schedule-III of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) is an important farm animal all over the world and is continuously harvested since its domestication for more than 8000 years back [1]. The growing need results into extensive poaching of wild pig for its meat and in the absence of substantial genetic database, the protocols for differentiation of Indian wild and domestic pig needs to be improved to further aid the law enforcing agencies for prosecution of the poachers in the Hon’ble Court of law
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