Abstract
HighlightsBi2Se3@AIPH nanoparticles (NPs) can realize photothermal and photodynamic therapies in a cascading manner when exposed to “one” single NIR laser.Hyperthermia produced by Bi2Se3 NPs under NIR laser irradiation cannot only be used for photothermal therapy, but also the “switch” for controlled release of AIPH and excitation of free radical at the tumor site.Free radical produced by thermal-responsive decomposition of AIPH is oxygen-independent, which treats hypoxic tumor well and further enhances immune response.
Highlights
Phototherapy, mainly photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), holds a huge promise in biomedical field due to high spatiotemporal precision and noninvasive properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
The results show that the computed tomography (CT) brightness at 3, 6, and 24 h at the tumors is enhanced by 90%, 170%, and 60% comparing to the ones at 0 h, which demonstrates that Bi2Se3@azobis[2(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) NPs could be a good imaging enhancer and may avoid the rapid drainage problem of commercial contrast agents
The secretion amount of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IFN-γ in the Bi2Se3@AIPH group is significantly higher than the ones in the Bi2Se3 group (1.45-fold for TNF-α and 1.63-fold for IFN-γ), which demonstrates the introduction of AIPH into the B i2Se3@AIPH NPs could effectively enhance immune response in the following PDT treatment and further achieve better treatment effect
Summary
Phototherapy, mainly photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), holds a huge promise in biomedical field due to high spatiotemporal precision and noninvasive properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Xinghua Xia et al carefully chose photosensitizers indocyanine green modified on the Au/MoS2 hybrid via hydrophobic interactions and π − π stacking; under single 808-nm laser activation, the proposed strategy of simultaneous PDT/synergistic PPTT effectively reduces the treatment time and achieves high therapeutic index [13] This ingenious cooperation of photosensitizers and PTT agents has exhibited great antitumor capabilities under the exposure of a single laser, but another problem emerged. In the process of initiator decomposition, production rate of free radical is thermal-dependent [40, 41] This thermal energy can be provided by PTT agents through light irradiation, and one laser can meet the demand of combined therapy, which perfectly avoids the laser problem. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anticancer efficacy were examined to demonstrate the superiority of this CT imaging-guided cascaded synergistic effect
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