Abstract
Molecular crowding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen dictates the rates at which folding chaperones, post-translational modification enzymes, and export factors diffuse and associate with nascent secretory proteins. Changes in ER morphology and ER stress can alter crowding in the ER, impacting secretory proteins’ ability to encounter enzymes and factors necessary for secretion. Existing measurements of luminal diffusion have relied on bulk flow measurements (using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) or single particle tracking of membrane-bound proteins.
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