Abstract
Nanopore technology has been developed for detecting properties of proteins through monitoring of ionic current modulations as protein passes via a nanosize pore. As a real-time, sensitive, selective and stable technology, biological nanopores are of widespread concern. Here, we introduce the background of nanopore researches in the area of α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopores in protein conformation detections and protein–ligand interactions. Moreover, several original biological nanopores are also introduced with various features and functions.
Highlights
Nanopore sensors are a detection technology for a rapid and label-free single molecule analysis in the field of analytical chemistry
Nanopore technology can be roughly divided into two fields: biological nanopore technology and solid-state nanopore technology
An analyte is driven towards the biological membrane pore by an applied potential establishing a measurable ionic–current blockade
Summary
Nanopore sensors are a detection technology for a rapid and label-free single molecule analysis in the field of analytical chemistry. Nanopore technology has been widely applied to analysis of single molecules including RNA and DNA sequencing with the advantages of detection in high-throughput, and in most cases, no requirement for Sensors 2014, 14 labeling/immobilization in the biomedical field [2]. Contrary to solid-state nanopores, biological nanopores have a well-controlled geometry and excellent reproducibility and high sensitivity, a more preferable signal-to-noise ratio for single molecule analysis. Biological nanopore measurement is real-time, sensitive, selective and stable; these outstanding features have led to numerous researches of proteins in the single-molecule level by nanopore techniques. An analyte is driven towards the biological membrane pore by an applied potential establishing a measurable ionic–current blockade. Reproduced with permission from [10]
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