Single Level Spondylolisthesis Associated Sagittal Plane Imbalance Corrected by Pre-Psoas Interbody Fusion Using Anterior Column Release with 30° Expandable Hyperlordotic Cage

Abstract

Background: Loss of lumbar lordosis caused by single level degenerative spondylolisthesis can trigger significant sagittal plane imbalance and failure to correct lumbopelvic parameters during lumbar fusion can lead to poor outcome or worsening deformity. Anterior column release (ACR) through a pre-psoas approach allows the placement of a hyperlordotic cage (HLC) to improve lumbar lordosis, but it is unclear if the amount of cage lordosis affects radiological outcomes in real-life patient conditions. Methods: Three patients were treated with ACR and 30° expandable HLC for positive sagittal imbalance secondary to single-level spondylolisthesis. Patients reported baseline and post-operative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Numeric Pain Score (NRS). Radiographic parameters of sagittal balance included lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL). Results: Surgical indications were sagittal plane imbalance caused by L4–L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (n = 2) and L3–L4 spondylolisthesis secondary to adjacent segmental degeneration (n = 1). Average post-operative length of stay was 3 days (range 2–4) and estimated blood loss was 266 mL (range 200–300). NRS and ODI improved in all patients. All experienced improvements in LL (preop = 33°, postop = 56°), SVA (preop = 180 mm, postop = 61 mm) and PI-LL (preop = 26°, postop = 5°). Conclusion: ACR with expandable HLC can restore sagittal plane balance associated with single-level spondylolisthesis. Failure to perform ACR with HLC placement during pre-psoas interbody fusion may result in under correction of lordosis and poorer outcome for these patients.