Abstract
Sequence-specific detection of nucleic acids has been intensively studied in the field of molecular diagnostics. In particular, the detection and analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is crucial for the identification of disease-causing genes and diagnosis of diseases. Sequence-specific hybridization probes, such as molecular beacons bearing the fluorophore and quencher at both ends of the stem, have been developed to enable DNA mutation detection. Interestingly, DNA mutations can be detected using fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes with only one fluorophore. This review summarizes recent research on single-labeled oligonucleotide probes that exhibit fluorescence changes after encountering target nucleic acids, such as guanine-quenching probes, cyanine-containing probes, probes containing a fluorophore-labeled base, and microenvironment-sensitive probes.
Highlights
Since the post-genome era, there has been a growing need for faster and more accurate detection methods for nucleic acids
When the molecular beacon (MB) probe exists in the form of a hairpin structure, the fluorescence disappears because the quencher is positioned close to the fluorophore
DNA probes labeled with a single fluorophore are attractive because they are simple and inexpensive to fabricate
Summary
Since the post-genome era, there has been a growing need for faster and more accurate detection methods for nucleic acids. When the MB probe meets its target DNA, the hairpin structure is opened, and fluorescence is restored as a result of the separation of the fluorophore and quencher units. The advantage of MB probes over single-dye probes (linear probes) is that they provide high signal-to-noise ratios and high degrees of single-base mismatch discrimination Despite these attractive features, MB probes have a disadvantage in that they require a specific target sequence of 15–25 nt to separate the fluorophore and quencher upon dimerization with the target. Hairpin must be opened, the ratethe of fluorophore dimer formation is slower than a corresponding linear probe Both and quencher unitsthat areof required, adding to the cost of linear probe. DNA probes that can sense can sense the presence of a specific nucleic acid through a change in fluorescence intensity.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
