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Abstract
The H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus is one of the greatest threats to global poultry industry. To develop broadly protective H5 subunit vaccine, a recombinant consensus HA sequence (rHA) was constructed and expressed in virus-like particles (rHA VLPs) in the baculovirus-insect cell system. The efficacy of the rHA VLPs vaccine with or without immunopotentiator (CVCVA5) was assessed in chickens. Compared to the commercial Re6 or Re6-CVCVA5 vaccines, single dose immunization of chickens with rHA VLPs or rHA-CVCVA5 vaccines induced higher levels of serum hemagglutinin inhibition titers and neutralization titers, mucosal antibodies, IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines in sera, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. The rHA VLPs vaccine was superior to the commercial Re6 vaccine in conferring cross-protection against different clades of H5 subtype viruses. This study reports that H5 subtype consensus HA VLP single dose vaccination provides broad protection against HPAI virus in chickens.
Highlights
The H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses affect millions of domestic poultry, including chickens, ducks, and geese, as well as thousands of migratory wild birds, and risk to the public health
The recombinant HA proteins were produced in insect cells, which were infected with recombinant baculoviruses (rBVs) expressing the H5 subtype AIVs consensus HA gene with poly-basic residues at the cleavage site
The expression of recombinant consensus HA sequence (rHA) proteins was observed with indirect IFA in Sf9 insect cells 72 h after infection with rHA rBVs (Figure 1), Figure 1 | Characterization of recombinant consensus HA proteins by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), western blotting, and electron microscopy
Summary
The H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses affect millions of domestic poultry, including chickens, ducks, and geese, as well as thousands of migratory wild birds, and risk to the public health. Since the H5 subtype HPAI viruses emerged in Southeast Asia in 1990s and have evolved into 10 phylogenetic clades (0–9) and more than 30 subclades based on their hemagglutinin (HA) genes [1, 2]. H5 HPAI viruses of subclade 2.3.4 revealed a novel propensity to reassort with neuraminidase (NA) subtypes other than N1, including H5N2, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8 [3,4,5]. H5 subtype HPAI viruses are still the pathogen with leading potential threat for poultry industry in China. It has been an everlasting difficult situation that the existing vaccine does not
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