Single cochlear fibre responses in guinea pigs with long-term endolymphatic hydrops.

Abstract

Some cochlear fibre response properties have been measured in two GPs approximately one year after induction of endolymphatic hydrops (by surgical obliteration of the endolymphatic sac and duct). These animals are considered as models of the effects of hydrops in Menière's disease, and the purpose of the study was to examine any modifications of fibre response properties which may underly auditory symptoms of the disease in man. Neurones towards more apical cochlear regions (with low characteristic frequencies) showed the greatest deterioration in tuning properties; on average, in the 1-6 kHz range, Q10dB values were reduced by a factor of two compared with normal animals. Discharge rate versus intensity functions of such units were abnormally steep, with dynamic ranges reduced by 10-20 dB. Towards higher frequency regions neurone response properties showed less deterioration (contrasting with many other types of cochlear pathology where, in general, the high frequency basal region exhibits greatest vulnerability). We have also observed in a few units an abnormal bursting in both spontaneous and driven discharge. Interspike intervals during burst are less than 1 ms (within relative refractory period). These findings are related to the auditory symptoms of Menière's disease, in particular, poor frequency selectivity, loudness recruitment and tinnitus.