Abstract
ProposeLaryngeal chondrosarcoma is a rare non-epithelial malignant tumor. At present, the cell type composition and molecular mechanism of laryngeal chondrosarcoma have not been systematically studied.MethodsThis study focused on the histopathological and imaging features of a rare primary laryngeal chondrosarcoma in a 74-year-old male. The tumor and its paracancerous cartilage tissue were single-cell sequenced and analyzed and a total of 5455 single cells were obtained. Immunohistochemical levels were also verified.ResultsIn total five cell types were identified, including chondrocytes, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. We carried out further subgroup analysis, focusing on the classification and differentiation of chondrocytes, functional enrichment analysis, and cellular communication analysis of all cell types, and explored the tumor microenvironment (TME) of laryngeal chondrosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed the SLAMF9 gene was specifically expressed in non-immune cells of chondrosarcoma, but was barely expressed in the normal cartilage tissues adjacent to chondrosarcomas.ConclusionThis single-cell sequencing approach provides clues for deciphering the potential mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity and TME composition in laryngeal chondrosarcoma, and represents an important step towards the treatment of laryngeal chondrosarcoma.
Highlights
Laryngeal chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare non-epithelial malignant tumor, accounting for 0.2% of laryngeal malignant tumors (Dubal et al 2014)
For patients with laryngeal chondrosarcoma confirmed by pathology, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) 13.1 μg/L, ferritin 643.0 μg/L, free prostate specific antigen (FPSA) 0.457 μg/L were measured
Indirect laryngoscope showed no redness or swelling in the epiglottis, tumor protruding to the laryngeal cavity under the glottis, and a smooth surface (Fig. 1A_a)
Summary
Laryngeal chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare non-epithelial malignant tumor, accounting for 0.2% of laryngeal malignant tumors (Dubal et al 2014). The disease occurs principally in elderly men. Hoarseness and dyspnea are the most common clinical symptoms. The course of the disease generally develops slowly with. Surgical resection is the main treatment, while the 5-year survival rate can reach more than 90%, but its incidence is hidden and is not detected in the early stages, and its etiology is still unknown (Berge et al 1998; Sanaat et al 2009; Thompson and Gannon 2002). Exploring the transcriptional characteristics of the disease is of great value for understanding the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and the development of clinical treatments in the future
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