Abstract
Single cell oils (SCOs) are considered potential raw material for the production of biodiesel. Rhodosporidium sp. and Lipomyces sp. are good candidates for SCO production. Lipid extractability differs according to yeast species and literature on the most suitable method for each oleaginous yeast species is scarce. This work aimed to investigate the efficiency of the most cited strategies for extracting lipids from intact and pretreated cells of Rhodosporidium toruloides and Lipomyces starkeyi. Lipid extractions were conducted using hexane or combinations of chloroform and methanol. The Folch method resulted in the highest lipid yields for both yeasts (42% for R. toruloides and 48% for L. starkeyi). Also, this method eliminates the cell pretreatment step. The Bligh and Dyer method underestimated the lipid content in the tested strains (25% for R. toruloides and 34% for L. starkeyi). Lipid extractability increased after acid pretreatment for the Pedersen, hexane, and Bligh and Dyer methods. For R. toruloides unexpected fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) composition were found for some lipid extraction strategies tested. Therefore, this work provides useful information for analytical and process development aiming at biodiesel production from the SCO of these two yeast species.
Highlights
Environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels and the need for sustainable development, have turned attention to the utilization of renewable fuels [1].In the transportation sector, which accounts for a significant part of the total consumption of energy, reaching more than 30% of the total energy consumption in the European Union (EU), liquid fuels are the most commonly utilized energy carriers [2]
The batch cultivation of Rhodosporidium toruloides and Lipomyces starkeyi resulted in 13.3 g/L
fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) generated from the SCOs extracted from both yeasts in this work were palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acid derivatives
Summary
Environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels and the need for sustainable development, have turned attention to the utilization of renewable fuels [1].In the transportation sector, which accounts for a significant part of the total consumption of energy, reaching more than 30% of the total energy consumption in the European Union (EU), liquid fuels are the most commonly utilized energy carriers [2]. Environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels and the need for sustainable development, have turned attention to the utilization of renewable fuels [1]. Bioethanol and biodiesel are the two most important renewable fuels for replacing petroleum-based liquid fuels. Biodiesel consists of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which are produced by the transesterification of triacylglycerols (TGAs) with alcohols in the presence of a catalyst [3,4]. TGAs utilized as raw material for biodiesel production can be plant oils (such as soybean and canola oil) and animal fats and represent up to 75% of the cost of biodiesel production [5]. The increased demand for these oils and fats for human food and animal feed and fuel production is causing rapid increases in their current prices [6]
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