Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a core role in blood development. The ability to efficiently produce HSCs from various pluripotent stem cell sources is the Holy Grail in the hematology field. However, in vitro or in vivo HSC production remains low, which may be attributable to the lack of understanding of hematopoiesis. Here, we review the recent progress in this area and introduce advanced technologies, such as single-cell RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, and molecular barcoding, which may help to acquire missing information about HSC generation. We finally discuss unresolved questions, the answers to which may be conducive to HSC production, providing a promising path toward HSC-based immunotherapies.
Highlights
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a core role in blood development
Jean-Charles Boisset used in vivo time-lapse confocal imaging to confirm that hemogenic endothelial cells are precursors of HSCs
Upon their emergence at AGM and maturation in the fetal liver, HSCs migrate to the bone marrow, where they are maintained
Summary
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for the maintenance and production of blood cells. Research on HSCs dates back to the 1960s when Till and McCulloch exploited Colony-Forming Unit Spleen Methods (CFU-spleen) and proved the self-renewal and differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells, which are known to be multipotent progenitors [2]. CD150+ CD48− cell population contains functional HSCs [4]. Understanding how these HSCs directly emerge is a challenge. Reticular cells), mesenchymal stem cells (CXCL12+ SCF+ ), and endothelial cells (gp130 cytokine receptor+ VEGFR2+ ) around blood vessels contribute to the maintenance of HSCs. Several other factors are proposed to maintain HSCs to a certain extent.
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