Abstract
Satellite cells are the main muscle-resident cells responsible for muscle regeneration. Much research has described this population as being heterogeneous, but little is known about the different roles each subpopulation plays. Recent advances in the field have utilized the power of single-cell analysis to better describe and functionally characterize subpopulations of satellite cells as well as other cell groups comprising the muscle tissue. Furthermore, emerging technologies are opening the door to answering as-yet-unresolved questions pertaining to satellite cell heterogeneity and cell fate decisions.
Highlights
Over the past decade, developmental biology has furthered our understanding of the origins of satellite cells and the mechanisms that govern their quiescence, activation, and differentiation[1]
Satellite cells are able to self-renew, allowing the long-term maintenance of the stem cell pool. Outside of these intrinsic molecules that determine satellite cell states, extrinsic cues influence division kinetics and satellite cell commitment and differentiation[8,9,10]. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors are crucial for satellite cell function, and both are impacted in disease backgrounds, such as Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy and aging[11]
Some satellite cells have long-term label retention based on H2B-GFP16, while another rare subpopulation is Pax3+ and is resistant to radiation and to genotoxic stress[17,18]. All these findings suggest a functional hierarchical classification of satellite cells, which was reaffirmed by using the Pax7-CreER;R26RBrainbow2.1 mouse, where clonal dominance arose after repetitive injuries but clonal diversity was retained in homeostasis[19]
Summary
F1000 Faculty Reviews are written by members of the prestigious F1000 Faculty. They are commissioned and are peer reviewed before publication to ensure that the final, published version is comprehensive and accessible. The reviewers who approved the final version are listed with their names and affiliations. Any comments on the article can be found at the end of the article
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