Abstract
Abstract In this essay, I have emphasized a distinction between two orientations‐the Single Case Orientation and the Aggregate Orientation‐that are very important in criminal justice. This distinction, while not new, is one that unheeded can cause considerable confusion and chaos in criminal justice classrooms, conferences, and research reports, as well as during those times when we wish to convey our research findings in a clear and useful way to agency practioners. The goal of this essay is to point out some of the key similaries and differences between the Single Case Orientation and the Aggregate Orientation. Additionally, I hope to show the role of these two orientations in the thinking and decision‐making processes associated with the criminal justice system and the research related to it.
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