Single Burr-Hole Extended Transforaminal Approach for Concurrent Endoscopic Surgery in the Third Ventricle Posterior to the Foramen of Monro and Ventriculostomy: Clinical Series and Planning Steps

Abstract

For endoscopic surgery of third ventricular lesions posterior to the foramen of Monro that frequently require a third ventriculostomy during the same procedure, the extended transforaminal approach (ETFA) through the choroid fissure has been proposed. This study reports clinical results and provides anatomic background and guidelines for individual planning of a single burr-hole approach and a safe transchoroid entry zone. A retrospective review was undertaken of 25 cases of concurrent third ventricle surgery and third ventriculostomy via ETFA. Assessment was made of a safe transchoroidal entry zone on cadavers (6 hemispheres) and of planning guidelines on magnetic resonance imaging showing occlusive hydrocephalus (30 sides). ETFA was feasible in all 25 cases. The safe transchoroid entry zone was sufficient in 16 cases; in 9 cases, additional transchoroid opening with transection of the anterior septal vein was required without clinical consequences. The anatomic study showed a safe transchoroid entry zone of 5 mm (3-6 mm) for posterior enlargement of the foramen of Monro. Individual planning on magnetic resonance imaging of patients with enlarged third ventricles showed an optimal burr-hole position 22 mm (10-30 mm) lateral to the midline and 8 mm (27 to -23 mm) precoronal; a foramen of Monro diameter of 7 mm (3-11 mm) and a safe transchoroid entry zone of 6 mm (3-12 mm). According to our data, concurrent endoscopic surgery of third ventricular lesions posterior to the foramen of Monro and ventriculostomy are feasible through a single burr hole and a transchoroid extension of the transforaminal approach. Precise preoperative planning is recommended for anticipating the individual anatomic nuances.