Single and joint action toxicity evaluation of insecticide and laundry detergent against <i>Poecilia reticulata</i>

Abstract

In laboratory bioassays, single action toxicities of an insecticide (Apicide [A]) and two laundry detergents (Persil [P] and Klin [K]) as well as their joint action toxicity studies in binary (1:1; 1:4) and triple (1:1:1) mixtures were evaluated against Poecilia reticulata (Guppy). Joint action toxicity mortality data was analyzed using Synergistic Ratio (SR), Concentration – Addition (RTU) and Isobolograms models. On the basis of 96hr LC 50 mortality data from single action studies, showed that A was the most toxic (0.00137mg/l) followed by P (0.773mg/l) and K (28.841mg/l). The joint action toxicity data showed a synergistic effect in mixtures of insecticide and detergents in all ratios (1:1, 1:4, 1:1:1) than when acting alone. In descending order of toxicity it was revealed that Apicide/persil (1:1; 0.00079mg/l)>Apicide/ Persil/Klin (1:1:1; 0.00093mg/l)>Apicide/Klin (1:1; 0.00094mg/l)>Apicide/ Persil (1:1; 0.00098mg/l)>Apicide/ Klin (1:4; 0.00106mg/l). The subjection of the 96h LC 50 values of test compound mixtures based SR and RTU showed that interaction of mixtures in various ratios (1:1, 1:4, 1:1:1) tended towards synergisms (SR>1; RTU>1) respectively. Further analysis based on the isobologram model was in conformity with RTU and SR models. The significance of this study showed the relevance of joint action toxicity studies in setting realistic safe limits in order to protect aquatic organisms. Therefore, proper disposal and management strategies for wastes should be enforced. Keywords: Bioassay, Detergent, Insecticide, Toxicity, Poecilia reticulata