Single and Combined Effects of Cadmium and Aroclor 1254 on Oxidative Stress in Gills of Mytilus coruscus

Abstract

Both polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and cadmium (Cd) can be frequently found in marine ecosystems and have detrimental effects on marine organisms, especially on filter-feeding marine mussels. Although biological responses to single metal or PCB exposure in mussels have been well-studied, information about oxidative stress is still limited, especially in different tissues in mussels. Considering the variety of contaminants existing in the actual marine environment, the exposures of the marine mussel Mytilus coruscus to Cd2+ alone (0.194, 0.388, and 0.775 mg/L) and Aroclor 1254 alone (0.005, 0.010, and 0.050 mg/L) and the co-exposures of the marine mussel Mytilus coruscus to Cd2+ (0.194 and 0.388 mg/L) and Aroclor 1254 (0.005 and 0.010 mg/L) were tested in an 8-day exposure experiment followed by a 7-day acclimation experiment. The alterations in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels in the gills of the mussels were assessed. The effects of the depressed antioxidant were induced by the exposures of Cd2+ and Aroclor 1254 and their co-exposures. All exposures resulted in an initial increase and then a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities. The range and rate of the antioxidant enzyme activities were positively correlated with stress duration and the concentration of the stress material. The effect of combined stress was stronger than that of each individual stressor. The valuable information for future investigations of stress response mechanisms, especially in relation to tissue functions in marine organisms, has been provided by the results and experimental model. The study of combined pollution effects has more scientific significance for marine pollution monitoring.