Abstract
Iron-modified raw kaolinite clay (Fe-MC) was synthesized by co-precipitation method, characterized, and then applied as a low-cost adsorbent to sequester sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) and sulfadimethoxine (SDM), emergent water contaminants, from aqueous media by batch equilibration at circumneutral pH. The adsorption rate was kinetically described by the pseudo-second-order model. Equilibrium monocomponent sorption data were fitted to three two-parameter linear and nonlinear isotherm models. The data were best described by Temkin and Langmuir nonlinear equations. Linearization of adsorption isotherms is demonstrated to be an unsuitable analytical tool for predicting adsorption isotherms. The Langmuir monolayer maximum adsorption capacities were 4.561 and 1.789 mg/g for SCP and SDM, respectively. The binary adsorption study showed an antagonistic adsorption process of SCP (Rq, SCP= 0.625) in the presence of SDM (Rq, SDM = 1.032). The thermodynamic parameters, namely enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), entropy (ΔS), Arrhenius activation energy (ΔEa), and sticking probability (S*), indicated that the processes are spontaneous, exothermic, and physical in nature. The adsorption process was attributed to hydrogen bonding and negative charge-assisted H-bonding (CAHB). Using the Langmuir isotherm, the amount of Fe-MC required for a given volume of effluent of known contaminant concentration could be predicted.Graphical abstract
Highlights
Both human population and industrial growth generate increasing constraint on earth’s freshwater supply resources (Kolpin et al 2002)
Any changes in reactivity are attributed to dispersion of iron oxide particles and not textural properties
The results indicate that SCP and SDM do not share some binding sites exhibit different adsorption mechanisms
Summary
Both human population and industrial growth generate increasing constraint on earth’s freshwater supply resources (Kolpin et al 2002). Applied Water Science (2018) 8:175 compounds in water sources as generated from veterinary-, industry, and other agriculture-related activities (Ma et al 2015; Zhang et al 2014). Pharmaceutical compounds have been frequently detected in natural water resources, treated wastewaters, and drinking potable waters (Primel et al 2012). Sulfonamides; bacteriostatic antibiotics used against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, have been frequently detected in effluents from wastewater treatment facilities (Kimosop et al 2016; Ngumba et al 2016), indicating their resistance to conventional water treatment approaches and the need for continued search for sustainable and efficient water treatment alternatives. Suitable adsorbents for removal of these polar compounds from water bodies still need to be evaluated
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