Abstract
Observations were made on simultaneousness of pollen shedding and stigma viability ratio, to clarify the phenology of reproductive organs of nine economically important sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars (‘Érdi bôtermô‘, ‘Debreceni bőtermő‘, ‘Csengődi‘, ‘Kántorjánosi 3‘, ‘Újfehértói fürtös‘, ‘Petri‘, ‘Eva‘, ‘Oblascinszka‘, and ‘Pándy 279’). The main aim was investigation the possible influence of environmental cues in timing and development of phenophases and also responses of different cultivars to seasonal cues. Likely effects of climatic changes on phenological development patterns were also considered. Results showed important aspects of the reproductive biology of sour cherry flowers. The amplitude of the phenophase “beginning of blossoming” between cultivars did not exceed 6 days. There is a maximum 3 day difference in the blooming length of different directions in each cultivar. ‘Pándy 279‘ showed high variability when the position of flowers changed on the tree shoots. ‘Újfehértói fürtös‘ was stable in all four directions of the tree. The pollen shedding period and stigma viability ratio were synchronous. Pollen shedding phenomenon simultaneously occurred with the secretary activities of stigmas in all examined cultivars. Distribution of pollen shedding over the secretary activity of stigmas is almost good. In all five cultivars maximum pollen shedding occurred when the temperature was high during the day. In general the results of this experiment and our previous studies clearly demonstrate that the Pándy groups not recommended for plantation in new orchards of Iran.
Highlights
Phenological patterns are highly variable, because other factors except for weather and climate, such as genetics and age of the plant, photoperiod response, soil condition, pests, diseases, and competition with other plants influence the phenology of reproductive organs of flowers
Flowering microphenology is an aspect of flowering phenology which refers to the viability of reproductive organs of flowers (Davarynejad et al, 1993)
Pándy 279 sour cherry showed high variability when the position of flowers changed on the tree shoots
Summary
Phenological patterns are highly variable, because other factors except for weather and climate, such as genetics and age of the plant, photoperiod response, soil condition, pests, diseases, and competition with other plants influence the phenology of reproductive organs of flowers. Phenology provides insights into how plant growth can be changed by variable conditions, and possible outcomes of management options. These examples highlight the importance of woody plant phenology, as an indicator of plant responses to environmental conditions, and in terms of economical fruit production (Sekhwela and Yates, 2007). An increase in air temperature can have opposite effects on different floral organs. While causing an increase on the growth rate of the pollen tube, warm air temperature accelerates the rate of decline of the embryo sac (Eaton, 1959)
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