Abstract
Simultaneous wetting and drying occur in processes such as fluid bed (top spray) granulation, Wurster coating, and tablet film coating. Modeling shows that the spraying and evaporation processes must be carefully balanced and the operating window may be significantly narrower than for standalone drying processes, giving control challenges. Effective scale-up and operational strategies are developed. Intermittent spray and air flow during filter bag shaking can have a major effect. The design space for fluid bed granulation is heat balance controlled while that for coating is rate controlled. Both can be non-orthogonal and this has been accepted by pharmaceutical regulatory authorities.
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