Simultaneous voltammetric determination of morphine and noscapine by adsorptive differential pulse stripping method and least-squares support vector machines

Abstract

An adsorptive differential pulse stripping method for the simultaneous determination of morphine and noscapine is proposed. The procedure involves an adsorptive accumulation of morphine and noscapine on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), followed by oxidation of adsorbed morphine and noscapine by voltammetric scan using differential pulse modulation. The optimum experimental conditions are: pH 10.0, accumulation potential of −100 mV versus Ag/AgCl, accumulation time of 150 s, scan rate of 40 mV s −1 and pulse height of 100 mV. Morphine and noscapine peak currents were observed in same potential region at about +0.25 V. The simultaneous determination of morphine and noscapine by using voltammetry is a difficult problem in analytical chemistry, due to voltammogram interferences. The resolution of mixture of morphine and noscapine by the application of least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) was performed. The linear dynamic ranges were 0.01–3.10 and 0.015–2.75 μg mL −1 and detection limits were 3 and 7 ng mL −1 for morphine and noscapine, respectively. The capability of the method for the analysis of real samples was evaluated by the determination of morphine and noscapine in addict's human plasma with satisfactory results.