Abstract
The new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membrane based on cassava starch—Fe3O4—was developed to detect acetaminophen and caffeine simultaneously with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. Cassava starch was reacted with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as a crosslinking agent, while acetaminophen and caffeine were added as templates. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the composite were added to increase the sensor’s sensitivity. The experimental results show that the ratio between cassava starch:STPP:acetaminophen/caffeine in the mixture for MIP membranes influences the sensitivity of the sensor obtained. MIP membranes with the best sensitivity is produced at a mixture ratio of 2:2:1. The sensor performance is also affected by the pH of the solution and the type of buffer solution used. The sensor works very well at pH 2 in PB solution. Sensors produced from GCE modified with MIP membrane from cassava starch—Fe3O4 with acetaminophen and caffeine as templates have linear range concentrations, respectively, at 50–2000 µM and 50–900 µM. Sensor sensitivity was 0.5306 A/M against acetaminophen and 0.4314 A/M against caffeine with Limit of Detection (LoD), respectively, 16 and 23 µM. Sensor selectivity and sensitivity are better than those without MIP and can be applied for the determination of the content of acetaminophen in headache medicine, with an accuracy of 96–99% and with Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) 0.9–2.56%.
Highlights
In an effort to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors, sensors have been developed based on molecularly imprinted polymers and nanoparticles
Carbon Electrode (GCE), to obtain the electrodes glassy carbon working electrodes (GCE)-M211, GCE-M221 and composition is summarized in Table 1, where each membrane is used to modify was evaluated based on a Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)
Cassava starch can be used as a functional polymer in the development of electrochemical sensors for simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and caffeine, in headache medicine samples
Summary
In an effort to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors, sensors have been developed based on molecularly imprinted polymers and nanoparticles. Two natural polymers have been used as functional molecules in the development of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensors, namely chitosan and starch [1,2,3]. Cassava starch, which is a natural polymer, has the potential to be a functional polymer in the development of MIP-based sensors. Polymer molecules in cassava starch can be crosslinked by the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) in a basic. NaOH solution [4,5,6] Based on these results, cassava starch can be used as a basic polymer for membranes in the development of electrochemical sensors for the detection of acetaminophen and caffeine, simultaneously. Increasing the sensitivity of a sensor can be done by adding a conductivity material, such as Fe3 O4 nanoparticles
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