Simultaneous quantification of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in colostrum and mature human milk using a 2-dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system

Abstract

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography system coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (2D LC–MS/MS) was employed for the determination of fluoxetine (FLU) and norfluoxetine (N-FLU) in colostrum and mature milk by direct sample injection. With a run time of 12 min representing a gain in throughput analysis, the validated methods furnished selectivity, extraction efficiency, accuracy, and precision in accordance with the criteria preconized by the European Medicines Agency guidelines. With a linear range of 3.00–150 ng/mL for FLU and 4.00–200 ng/mL for N-FLU they were applied to the analysis of colostrum and mature milk samples from nursing mothers. The paper discusses the differences and similarity of sample preparation for this two sample matrices. The herein reported methods are an advance in sample preparation procedures providing waste reduction and a sustainable approach.