Abstract
The accumulation of antimicrobial residues in edible animal products and aquaculture products could pose health concerns to unsuspecting consumers. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated method for simultaneous quantification of chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP), florfenicol (FF), and florfenicol amine (FFA) in beef, pork, chicken, shrimp, eel, and flatfish using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Primary-secondary amine (PSA) and MgSO4 were used for sample purification. The analytes were separated on a reversed-phase analytical column. The coefficients of determination for the linear matrix-matched calibration curves were ≥0.9941. Recovery rates ranged between 64.26 and 116.51% for the four analytes with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 18.05%. The calculated limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 0.005–3.1 and 0.02–10.4 μg/kg, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for monitoring samples obtained from local markets in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The target residues were not detected in any tested matrix. The designed method was versatile, sensitive, and proved suitable for quantifying residues in animal-derived products.
Highlights
The increasing demand for meat products has led to an expansion in intensive animal farming
As a representative of all the samples, pork was fortified at a concentration rate based on the maximum residue limits (MRL) (CAP: minimum required performance limit (MRPL))
An analytical protocol based on LC-MS/MS was developed and validated to simultaneously determine CAP, TAP, FF, and florfenicol amine (FFA)
Summary
The increasing demand for meat products has led to an expansion in intensive animal farming. In 2018, global meat production reached 342 million tons, and fishery and aquaculture production reached 179 million tons [1]. 73% of all antimicrobials (mainly antibiotics) are consumed by animals farmed for food [4]. The accumulation of drug residues in edible tissues of animal and fish products is highly likely, which would pose a public health hazard, for the consumers of those products [5]. Previous studies have shown that approximately 4% of antimicrobial resistance formed in the human body has been transferred from animals [6]. Amphenicols (chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP), florfenicol (FF), and florfenicol amine (FFA)) are among the antibiotics that cause resistance
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