Simultaneous Propagation of Multiple Hydraulic Fractures – Evidence, Impact and Modeling Implications

Abstract

Abstract Multiple hydraulic fractures have been observed in numerous field settings1–9. Direct evidence for the simultaneous growth of multiple hydraulic fractures has emerged over the last decades by coring through propped hydraulic fracture treatments in reservoirs; mineback experiments; intersection of multiple fracture (planes) through offset wells; multi-planar fracture propagation observed in micro-seismic fracture mapping and tiltmeter fracture mapping; and laboratory experiments showing complex fracture growth. The simultaneous growth of multiple hydraulic fractures beyond the near-wellbore area is therefore probably more the rule than the exception, especially when fracturing from a large perforated interval or in naturally fractured formations. A comprehensive and consistent approach to approximately quantify and model multiple hydraulic fractures growth using observed fracture pressure feedback has provided significant insight into the mechanism of multiple fracture growth. A simplified concept of "equivalent" (equal sized) multiple fractures "competing" for fracture opening and leakoff has been used to approximate this complex phenomenon. This concept is very useful for quick, real-time fracture treatment analysis, and modeling results have also been calibrated by direct fracture diagnostic technologies to limit potential modeling solutions within reasonable bounds.