Simultaneous oral health risk behaviors among adolescents: evidence from the National School-based Student Health Survey.

Lidia Moraes Ribeiro Jordão,Deborah Carvalho Malta,Maria Do Carmo Matias Freire

doi:10.1590/1980-549720180019.supl.1

Lidia Moraes Ribeiro Jordão, Deborah Carvalho Malta + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720180019.supl.1

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Abstract

To investigate the prevalence of simultaneous oral health risk behaviors and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents. The study comprised data of 109,104 adolescents participating in the Brazilian National School-based Student Health Survey. The simultaneous presence of less frequent toothbrushing (E), current smoking (C), no visits to the dentist (D), low fruit intake (F), and high sugar intake (A) was assessed by comparison of observed/expected prevalence (OP/EP). Logistic regression was used to assess sociodemographic and family factors associated with the clustering patterns of oral health risk behaviors. The simultaneous occurrence of two or more oral health risk behaviors was of 60.40%. The highest prevalence values were found for the following patterns with OP/EP over 1.20: EDF, CFA, and EDFA. The odds for two or more combined oral health risk behaviors were higher for adolescents whose parents did not participate in homework, from public schools, males, and of Asian or Indigenous ethnicity (OR > 1.00; p < 0.05). Low family affluence level (FAL) acted as a risk factor for the pattern ECDFA (OR = 2.58; p = 0.009), while low and mean FAL functioned as protection factors for the pattern CFA (OR = 0.71; p < 0.001, and OR = 0.76; p = 0.011). The prevalence of simultaneous oral health risk behaviors was low and negatively associated with sociodemographic and family factors. Interventions aiming at reducing these behavior patterns should prioritize the groups that have been identified as being at most risk.

Highlights

Health behaviors play an important role in determining and preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs)
The odds for two or more combined oral health risk behaviors were higher for adolescents whose parents did not participate in homework, from public schools, males, and of Asian or Indigenous ethnicity (OR > 1.00; p < 0.05)
Low family affluence level (FAL) acted as a risk factor for the pattern ECDFA (OR = 2.58; p = 0.009), while low and mean FAL functioned as protection factors for the pattern CFA (OR = 0.71; p < 0.001, and odds ratio (OR) = 0.76; p = 0.011)

Summary

Introduction

Health behaviors play an important role in determining and preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs). Inadequate behaviors establish an inverse relationship with oral health status[2]. The main behaviors related to oral health include eating habits, oral hygiene practices and smoking[2]. Health risk behaviors tend to start at this stage of life and continue into adulthood[4,5]. In Brazil, the increase in school adolescents with nonfrequent dental brushing between 2009 and 2012 have drawn attention[6], an attitude that may lead to the accumulation of dental biofilm throughout life and, to a higher risk of developing chronic oral diseases such as cavities and periodontal diseases[7]

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