Simultaneous Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology.

Alexander Weremfo,Martin Adarkwah-Yiadom,Felix Adulley

doi:10.1155/2020/7541927

Abstract

This study was designed to optimize three microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) parameters (ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time) of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of avocado seeds using response surface methodology (RSM). The predicted quadratic models were highly significant (p < 0.001) for the responses studied. The extraction of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity was significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by both microwave power and extraction time. The optimal conditions for simultaneous extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were ethanol concentration of 58.3% (v/v), microwave power of 400 W, and extraction time of 4.8 min. Under these conditions, the experimental results agreed with the predicted values. MAE revealed clear advantages over the conventional solvent extraction (CSE) in terms of high extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity within the shortest extraction time. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of optimized extract revealed the presence of 10 phenolic compounds, with rutin, catechin, and syringic acid being the dominant compounds. Consequently, this optimized MAE method has demonstrated a potential application for efficient extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from avocado seeds in the nutraceutical industries.

Highlights

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) belongs to the family of Lauraceae and is an important fruit crop endemic to the tropical and subtropical regions but presently cultivated worldwide. e food industry has shown remarkable interest in processing and enhancing the value of this crop due to its high economic importance
Recent studies have demonstrated the antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, blood pressure reducing, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and dermatological activities of seed preparations [4, 8]. Due to their beneficial effects, avocado seeds can be an alternative inexpensive source of bioactive compounds, and an efficient extraction of important phenolics from the avocado waste could improve the economics of the avocado industry and minimize environmental impact
Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry e extraction of phenolic compounds from avocado seeds has been investigated in the last decades focusing mainly on conventional extraction methods such as maceration, Soxhlet, and heat reflux extraction methods

Summary

Introduction

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) belongs to the family of Lauraceae and is an important fruit crop endemic to the tropical and subtropical regions but presently cultivated worldwide. e food industry has shown remarkable interest in processing and enhancing the value of this crop due to its high economic importance. Recent studies have demonstrated the antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, blood pressure reducing, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and dermatological activities of seed preparations [4, 8] Due to their beneficial effects, avocado seeds can be an alternative inexpensive source of bioactive compounds, and an efficient extraction of important phenolics from the avocado waste could improve the economics of the avocado industry and minimize environmental impact. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry e extraction of phenolic compounds from avocado seeds has been investigated in the last decades focusing mainly on conventional extraction methods such as maceration, Soxhlet, and heat reflux extraction methods These methods are very time-consuming and require large quantities of solvents [9, 10]. The extraction of phenolic bioactive compounds from avocado seeds has not been evaluated using MAE

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