Simultaneous morphological transformation of metal salt and conformations of DNA in a bio-based ionic liquid

Abstract

The extraordinary left handed conformation of DNA known as Z-DNA has attracted the attention of structural biologists due to its characteristic features such as its possible role in regulation of gene expression and genetic instability. There are number of physical parameters which can induce the conformational transformation of double helical B-DNA to Z-DNA. Among the various physical conditions, right-handed B-DNA can be transformed into left-handed Z-DNA in vitro at high salt concentrations or in vivo under physiological conditions. Herein DNA solubilized in a choline based ionic liquid namely choline formate was found to reduce Ag(I) salt into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the size distribution of 10–20 nm. During the process, the interaction of DNA with the ionic liquid induces alteration in secondary structure of DNA (B-Z transition). The formation of the NPs was confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) measurements, while the formation of Z-DNA was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic measurements. Upon molecular docking studies, choline-formate was found to present different binding sites for its cation and anion and they promote torsions on DNA structure leading to possible changes in DNA three dimensional structures (B-Z transition).